Direct effects GLP-1R mRNA and protein have been detected in human renal vascular smooth muscle cells of afferent and efferent arterioles, interlobular and arcuate arteries, and juxtaglomerular and proximal tubular cells [56]
Pentose phosphate pathway (PPP)
Tirzepatide adds a second mechanism by also activating GIP receptors, which amplifies its metabolic effects
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